Early Holocene charcoal accumulations in the Aktun Ha cenote: Evidence of fire used by the first settlers of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Por:
Lopez-Martinez, Rafael, Solleiro-Rebolledo, Elizabeth, Chavez-Vergara, Bruno, Diaz-Ortega, Jaime, Merino, Agustin, Trabanino García F.A., Velazquez-Morlet, Adriana, del Rio-Lara, Octavio, Martos-Lopez, Luis Alberto, Terrazas-Mata, Alejandro
Publicada:
1 nov 2020
Ahead of Print:
1 ene 2020
Resumen:
An integrative methodology, including controlled heating experiments, petrography, taphonomy, systematics of charcoal fragments, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 14C dating, are used to discriminate in situ (anthropogenic) versus transported charcoal accumulations in the Ancestors Chamber at the Aktun Ha cenote and its potential relationship with the initial settlement of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Rock heating experiments demonstrated changes in color, weight loss, and recrystallization fabrics under temperatures from 200°C to 900°C. At temperatures of up to 600°C, calcite changed to portlandite. Taphonomic examination of the charcoal revealed that the fragments were not transported by water. Anatomical studies of the charcoal revealed the presence of species similar to modern examples used as fuel. The solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed different aromatization degrees, and DSC provided information related to the hearth shape and combustion conditions throughout the thermal event. The 14C ages determined on charcoal, 9,200 ± 30 yr. BP (10,490–10,460 and 10,435–10,250 cal BP) and 9,440 ± 30 yr. BP (10,740–10,585 cal BP), are similar to ages previously reported from Aktun Ha and are the oldest determined on charcoal that may have an association with human activity on the Yucatán Peninsula. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Filiaciones:
Lopez-Martinez, Rafael:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Ave Univ 3000,Colonia UNAM,CU, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
Solleiro-Rebolledo, Elizabeth:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Ave Univ 3000,Colonia UNAM,CU, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
Chavez-Vergara, Bruno:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Ave Univ 3000,Colonia UNAM,CU, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Nacl Geoquim & Mineral, Coyoacan, Mexico
Diaz-Ortega, Jaime:
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geol, Ave Univ 3000,Colonia UNAM,CU, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
Merino, Agustin:
Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
Univ Santiago de Compostela, Escuela Politecn Super, Lugo, Spain
Trabanino García F.A.:
Programa de becas Posdoctorales de la UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CEPHCIS, Mérida, Mexico
Velazquez-Morlet, Adriana:
Centro INAH Q. Roo, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chetumal, Mexico
Ctr INAH Q Roo, Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
del Rio-Lara, Octavio:
Centro INAH Q. Roo, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chetumal, Mexico
Ctr INAH Q Roo, Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Martos-Lopez, Luis Alberto:
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Terrazas-Mata, Alejandro:
Instituto de Investigaciones Antropologica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Antropol, Coyoacan, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CEPHCIS, Programa Becas Posdoctor UNAM, Merida, Mexico
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