The formation and impact of landslide dams - State of the art
Por:
Fan, Xuanmei, Dufresne, Anja, Siva Subramanian S., Strom, Alexander, Hermanns, Reginald, Tacconi Stefanelli C., Hewitt, Kenneth, Yunus, Ali P., Dunning, Stuart, Capra, Lucia, Geertsema, Marten, Miller, Brendan, Casagli, Nicola, Jansen, John D., Xu, Qiang
Publicada:
1 abr 2020
Categoría:
Earth and planetary sciences (miscellaneous)
Resumen:
The blocking of river courses by mass movements is very common in
mountainous areas with deep and narrow valleys. Landslide dams may pose
serious threats to people and their livelihoods downstream in the case
of abrupt dam failure. Since the publication of benchmark reviews of
Costa and Schuster (1988) and Korup (2002), there is a growing number of
studies focusing on the formation, stability, and short-term impacts of
landslide dams. This review combines the insights of all these studies,
builds on current concepts of landslide dams, and suggests ways to unify
terminologies and classifications. We furthermore present a new
worldwide database compiled from literature data. It contains 410
landslide dams >1 million m(3) in volume that were formed since 1900
since these have the most complete data entries. These data show that
dam longevity is, among other factors, correlated with the type of
landslide forming the dam. Those formed by rock/debris avalanches and
rockslides have longest lifespans. However, the influence of landslide
type or material on dam longevity decreases with time after dam
formation. To ensure consistency in the next database generation, we
suggest guidelines for data collection to provide a solid basis for
evaluating dam stability and governing factors. A preliminary
classification matrix for landslide dam stability that combines
topographic setting and the internal structure of the dam body is
another outcome of our review. Furthermore, an evaluation of the various
geomorphic stability indices proposed in the literature regarding their
suitability and limitations in assessing dam formation and stability
shows that they predict the probability of dam formation reasonably
well, but that their application to longevity estimates requires further
assessment. The geomorphic impacts of landslide dams in the short-,
medium- and long-term are summarized and illustrated with key examples.
Finally, for a better understanding of the factors controlling dam
stability, we recommend to (1) include dam composition and sedimentary
structures in future case studies, (2) maintain and update the worldwide
database for sound statistical analyses, (3) refine landslide dam
stability indices and test them for different landslide types, and (4)
study hazard cascades related to multiple dams in one watershed. For
long-term landscape evolution studies, we suggest to (5) quantify
terrestrial sediment flux related to landslide dams, (6) detect ancient
landslide dams in river profiles, and (7) further exploit the sediment
archives in former impoundment areas.
Filiaciones:
Fan, Xuanmei:
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Dufresne, Anja:
Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH-Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, Aachen, 52066, Germany
Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Engn Geol & Hydrogeol, Lochnerstr 4-20, D-52066 Aachen, Germany
Siva Subramanian S.:
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
Strom, Alexander:
Geodynamics Research Centre, Volkolamskoe Shosse 2, Moscow, 125080, Russian Federation
Geodynam Res Ctr, Volkolamskoe Shosse 2, Moscow 125080, Russia
Hermanns, Reginald:
Geohazards and Earth Observation, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Geol Survey Norway, Geohazards & Earth Observat, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geosci & Petr, Trondheim, Norway
Tacconi Stefanelli C.:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, Florence, 50121, Italy
Hewitt, Kenneth:
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfried Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
Wilfried Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
Yunus, Ali P.:
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Dunning, Stuart:
School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England
Capra, Lucia:
Centro de Geosciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geosciencias, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Geertsema, Marten:
Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Minist Forests Lands Nat Resource Operat & Rural, Prince George, BC, Canada
Miller, Brendan:
Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Minist Forests Lands Nat Resource Operat & Rural, Prince George, BC, Canada
Casagli, Nicola:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Firenze, Via La Pira, 4, Florence, 50121, Italy
Univ Firenze, Dept Earth Sci, Via La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy
Jansen, John D.:
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
GFÚ Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China
Czech Acad Sci, GFU Inst Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic
Xu, Qiang:
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China
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