Investigating the multiwavelength behaviour of the flat spectrum radio quasar CTA 102 during 2013-2017
Por:
D'Ammando, F., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Arkharov, A. A., Bachev, R., Baida, G. V., Benitez, E., Borman, G. A., Boschin, W., Bozhilov, V., Butuzova, M. S., Calcidese, P., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Castro-Segura, N., Chen, W. -P., Damljanovic, G., Di Paola, A., Echevarria, J., Efimova, N. V., Ehgamberdiev, Sh. A., Espinosa, C., Fuentes, A., Giunta, A., Gomez, J. L., Grishina, T. S., Gurwell, M. A., Hiriart, D., Jermak, H., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Joshi, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kuratov, K., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Lazaro, C., Lin, C. S., Malmrose, M. P., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., McBreen, B., Michel, R., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Molina, S. N., Moody, J. W., Morozova, D. A., Nazarov, S. V., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ohlert, J. M., Okhmat, N., Ovcharov, E., Pinna, F., Polakis, T. A., Protasio, C., Pursimo, T., Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J., Rizzi, N., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Sadakane, K., Sadun, A. C., Samal, M. R., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Sigua, L., Skiff, B. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Smith, P. S., Steele, I. A., Strigachev, A., Tammi, J., Thum, C., Tornikoski, M., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitsky, I. S., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Pearson, T. J., Mufakharov, T., Sotnikova, Yu. V., Mingaliev, M. G., WEBT Collaboration, OVRO Team
Publicada:
1 dic 2019
Resumen:
We present a multiwavelength study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar CTA
102 during 2013-2017. We use radio-to-optical data obtained by the Whole
Earth Blazar Telescope, 15 GHz data from the Owens Valley Radio
Observatory, 91 and 103 GHz data from the Atacama Large Millimeter
Array, near-infrared data from the Rapid Eye Monitor telescope, as well
as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (gamma-rays)
satellites to study flux and spectral variability and the correlation
between flux changes at different wavelengths. Unprecedented gamma-ray
flaring activity was observed during 2016 November-2017 February, with
four major outbursts. A peak flux of (2158 +/- 63) x 10(-8) ph cm(-2)
s(-1), corresponding to a luminosity of (2.2 +/- 0.1) x10(50) erg s(-1),
was reached on 2016 December 28. These four gamma-ray outbursts have
corresponding events in the near-infrared, optical, and UV bands, with
the peaks observed at the same time. A general agreement between X-ray
and gamma-ray activity is found. The gamma-ray flux variations show a
general, strong correlation with the optical ones with no time lag
between the two bands and a comparable variability amplitude. This
gamma-ray/optical relationship is in agreement with the geometrical
model that has successfully explained the low-energy flux and spectral
behaviour, suggesting that the long-term flux variations are mainly due
to changes in the Doppler factor produced by variations of the viewing
angle of the emitting regions. The difference in behaviour between radio
and higher energy emission would be ascribed to different viewing angles
of the jet regions producing their emission.
Filiaciones:
D'Ammando, F.:
INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
Raiteri, C. M.:
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via P Torinese, Turin, Italy
Villata, M.:
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via P Torinese, Turin, Italy
Acosta-Pulido, J. A.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Agudo, I.:
CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain
Arkharov, A. A.:
Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia
Bachev, R.:
Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Bulgarian Acad Sci, NAO, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Baida, G. V.:
RAS, Crimean Astrophys Observ, PO Nauchny, Nauchny 298409, Russia
Benitez, E.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Borman, G. A.:
RAS, Crimean Astrophys Observ, PO Nauchny, Nauchny 298409, Russia
Boschin, W.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
TNG Fdn Galileo Galilei, INAF, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
Bozhilov, V.:
Univ Sofia, Dept Astron, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Butuzova, M. S.:
RAS, Crimean Astrophys Observ, PO Nauchny, Nauchny 298409, Russia
Calcidese, P.:
Osservatorio Astron Reg Autonoma Valle Aosta, I-11020 Nus, Italy
Carnerero, M. I.:
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via P Torinese, Turin, Italy
Carosati, D.:
TNG Fdn Galileo Galilei, INAF, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
EPT Observ, E-38780 Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain
Casadio, C.:
CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain
Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Castro-Segura, N.:
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England
Chen, W. -P.:
Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
Damljanovic, G.:
Astron Observ, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
Di Paola, A.:
Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
Echevarria, J.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Efimova, N. V.:
Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia
Ehgamberdiev, Sh. A.:
Maidanak Observ, Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
Espinosa, C.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Fuentes, A.:
CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain
Giunta, A.:
Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
Gomez, J. L.:
CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain
Grishina, T. S.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Gurwell, M. A.:
Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Hiriart, D.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Jermak, H.:
Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England
Jordan, B.:
Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland
Jorstad, S. G.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Joshi, M.:
Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Kimeridze, G. N.:
Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili 0301, Abastumani, Georgia
Kopatskaya, E. N.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Kuratov, K.:
Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, NNLOT, Alma Ata 050040, Kazakhstan
Fesenkov Astrophys Inst, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan
Kurtanidze, O. M.:
Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili 0301, Abastumani, Georgia
Kazan Fed Univ, Engelhardt Astron Observ, Tatarstan 422526, Russia
Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Guangzhou Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Kurtanidze, S. O.:
Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili 0301, Abastumani, Georgia
Lahteenmaki, A.:
Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metshovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland
Aalto Univ, Dept Elect & Nanoengn, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
Larionov, V. M.:
Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Larionova, E. G.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Larionova, L. V.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Lazaro, C.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Lin, C. S.:
Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
Malmrose, M. P.:
Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Marscher, A. P.:
Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA
Matsumoto, K.:
Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Astron Inst, Osaka 5828582, Japan
McBreen, B.:
Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland
Michel, R.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Mihov, B.:
Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Bulgarian Acad Sci, NAO, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Minev, M.:
Univ Sofia, Dept Astron, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Mirzaqulov, D. O.:
Maidanak Observ, Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
Molina, S. N.:
CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain
Moody, J. W.:
Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA
Morozova, D. A.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Nazarov, S. V.:
RAS, Crimean Astrophys Observ, PO Nauchny, Nauchny 298409, Russia
Nikiforova, A. A.:
Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg 196140, Russia
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Nikolashvili, M. G.:
Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili 0301, Abastumani, Georgia
Ohlert, J. M.:
Astron Stiftung Trebur, Michael Adrian Observ, D-65468 Trebur, Germany
Tech Hsch Mittelhessen, Univ Appl Sci, D-61169 Friedberg, Germany
Okhmat, N.:
RAS, Crimean Astrophys Observ, PO Nauchny, Nauchny 298409, Russia
Ovcharov, E.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Pinna, F.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Polakis, T. A.:
Command Module Observ, Tempe, AZ USA
Protasio, C.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Pursimo, T.:
Nord Opt Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Santa Cruz De T, Spain
Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J.:
IAC, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Rizzi, N.:
Osservatorio Astron Sirio, I-70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
Rodriguez-Coira, G.:
Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, LESIA,Univ PSL,CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Sadakane, K.:
Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Astron Inst, Osaka 5828582, Japan
Sadun, A. C.:
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA
Samal, M. R.:
Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
Savchenko, S. S.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Semkov, E.:
Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Bulgarian Acad Sci, NAO, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Sigua, L.:
Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili 0301, Abastumani, Georgia
Skiff, B. A.:
Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 85751 USA
Slavcheva-Mihova, L.:
Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Bulgarian Acad Sci, NAO, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Smith, P. S.:
Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Steele, I. A.:
Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England
Strigachev, A.:
Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Bulgarian Acad Sci, NAO, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
Tammi, J.:
Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metshovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland
Thum, C.:
Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, E-18012 Granada, Spain
Tornikoski, M.:
Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metshovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland
Troitskaya, Yu. V.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Troitsky, I. S.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Vasilyev, A. A.:
St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia
Vince, O.:
Astron Observ, Belgrade 11060, Serbia
Hovatta, T.:
Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Metshovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland
Univ Turku, Finnish Ctr Astron ESO FINCA, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
Kiehlmann, S.:
CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Max-Moerbeck, W.:
Univ Chile, Dept Astronoma, Camino El Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile
Readhead, A. C. S.:
CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Reeves, R.:
Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile
Pearson, T. J.:
CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Mufakharov, T.:
Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
Kazan Fed Univ, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420044, Russia
Sotnikova, Yu. V.:
RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 369167, Russia
Mingaliev, M. G.:
Kazan Fed Univ, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420044, Russia
RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 369167, Russia
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