Understanding Household Energy Transitions: From Evaluating Single Cookstoves to ``Clean Stacking'' Alternatives
Por:
Medina, Paulo, Berrueta, Victor, Cinco, Lourdes, Ruiz-Garcia, Victor, Edwards, Rufus, Olaya, Belen, Schilmann, Astrid, Masera, Omar
Publicada:
1 nov 2019
Resumen:
The pervasiveness of ``stacking'' between traditional and clean
fuels/stoves is moving the household clean cooking research and policy
agenda from programs that are centered on one-fuel or stove, to
multi-clean fuel/device interventions that could result in a more
effective displacement of traditional biomass stoves. However, there is
little recognition and knowledge of the benefits realistic
clean-stacking cooking solutions can have on indoor air quality and
health. In this paper, particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide
(CO) concentration levels that are associated with stove-stacking
options (Patsari-U-shaped open fire (U-type), Patsari-liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) stove, U-type-LPG, and Patsari-U-type-LPG) common
within rural Mexico were evaluated while using a controlled cooking
cycle (CCC) from the Purepecha Highlands, which mimics the most common
dishes prepared daily within the region as well as their sequential
arrangement. The results confirms that the WHO Interim Target-1 (IT1) of
35 mu g/m(3) for PM2.5 is exceeded whenever woodburning open fires are
part of the stacking combination (Patsari-U-type 107 +/- 9 mu g/m(3),
U-type-LPG 131 +/- 55 mu g/m(3) and Patsari-U-type-LPG 107 +/- 22 mu
g/m(3)). However, well-designed and properly operated woodburning
chimney stoves, such as the Patsari can meet the IT1, either used
exclusively (21 +/- 8 mu g/m(3)) or as a ``clean stacking'' option
with LPG (24 +/- 5 mu g/m(3)). Given stove stacking patterns, evaluating
the health and environmental consequences of stove transitions while
assuming the total replacement of traditional fires by clean cooking
options will lead to misplaced expectations, and programs should
evaluate more realistic ``clean-stacking'' options.
Filiaciones:
Medina, Paulo:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Bioenergia, Lab Innovac & Evaluac Estufas Biomasa LINEB, IIES, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Berrueta, Victor:
Grp Interdisciplinario Tecnol Rural Apropiada AC, Patzcuaro 61613, Michoacan, Mexico
Cinco, Lourdes:
Univ Michoacana de San Nicolas Hidalgo, Fac Ingn Quim, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico
Ruiz-Garcia, Victor:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Bioenergia, Lab Innovac & Evaluac Estufas Biomasa LINEB, IIES, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Edwards, Rufus:
Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
Olaya, Belen:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Bioenergia, Lab Innovac & Evaluac Estufas Biomasa LINEB, IIES, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
Schilmann, Astrid:
Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Direcc Salud Ambiental, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
Masera, Omar:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Bioenergia, Lab Innovac & Evaluac Estufas Biomasa LINEB, IIES, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico
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