Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: a mechanistic appraisal
Por:
Garza-Lombo, Carla, Pappa, Aglaia, Panayiotidis, I, Mihalis, Gonsebatt, Maria E., Franco, Rodrigo
Publicada:
1 ene 2019
Resumen:
Arsenic is a metalloid found in groundwater as a byproduct of soil/rock erosion and industrial and agricultural processes. This xenobiotic elicits its toxicity through different mechanisms, and it has been identified as a toxicant that affects virtually every organ or tissue in the body. In the central nervous system, exposure to arsenic can induce cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, iAs has been linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodevelopmental alterations, and is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this review, we aim to appraise the neurotoxic effects of arsenic and the molecular mechanisms involved. First, we discuss the epidemiological studies reporting on the effects of arsenic in intellectual and cognitive function during development as well as studies showing the correlation between arsenic exposure and altered cognition and mental health in adults. The neurotoxic effects of arsenic and the potential mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration are also reviewed including data from experimental models supporting epidemiological evidence of arsenic as a neurotoxicant. Next, we focused on recent literature regarding arsenic metabolism and the molecular mechanisms that begin to explain how arsenic damages the central nervous system including, oxidative stress, energy failure and mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetics, alterations in neurotransmitter homeostasis and synaptic transmission, cell death pathways, and inflammation. Outlining the specific mechanisms by which arsenic alters the cell function is key to understand the neurotoxic effects that convey cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental alterations, and neurodegenerative disorders. © 2019, Society for Biological Inorganic Chemistry (SBIC).
Filiaciones:
Garza-Lombo, Carla:
Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
Univ Nebraska, Redox Biol Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
Univ Nebraska, Sch Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Pappa, Aglaia:
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Panayiotidis, I, Mihalis:
Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Gonsebatt, Maria E.:
Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Med Genom & Toxicol Ambiental, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
Franco, Rodrigo:
Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
Univ Nebraska, Redox Biol Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
Univ Nebraska, Sch Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
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