Molecular evidence of hybridization in sympatric populations of the Enantia jethys complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Por:
Jasso-Martinez, Jovana M., Machkour-M'Rabet, Salima, Vila, Roger, Rodriguez-Arnaiz, Rosario, Nitxin Castaneda-Sortibran, America
Publicada:
17 may 2018
Resumen:
Hybridization events are frequently demonstrated in natural butterfly populations. One interesting butterfly complex species is the Enantia jethys complex that has been studied for over a century; many debates exist regarding the species composition of this complex. Currently, three species that live sympatrically in the Gulf slope of Mexico (Enantia jethys, E. mazai, and E. Albania) are recognized in this complex (based on morphological and molecular studies). Where these species live in sympatry, some cases of interspecific mating have been observed, suggesting hybridization events. Considering this, we employed a multilocus approach (analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences: COI, RpS5, and Wg; and nuclear dominant markers: inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSRs) to study hybridization in sympatric populations from Veracruz, Mexico. Genetic diversity parameters were determined for all molecular markers, and species identification was assessed by different methods such as analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), clustering, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), gene flow, and PhiPT parameters. ISSR molecular markers were used for a more profound study of hybridization process. Although species of the Enantia jethys complex have a low dispersal capacity, we observed high genetic diversity, probably reflecting a high density of individuals locally. ISSR markers provided evidence of a contemporary hybridization process, detecting a high number of hybrids (from 17% to 53%) with significant differences in genetic diversity. Furthermore, a directional pattern of hybridization was observed from E. Albania to other species. Phylogenetic study through DNA sequencing confirmed the existence of three clades corresponding to the three species previously recognized by morphological and molecular studies. This study underlines the importance of assessing hybridization in evolutionary studies, by tracing the lineage separation process that leads to the origin of new species. Our research demonstrates that hybridization processes have a high occurrence in natural populations. © 2018 Jasso-Martínez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Filiaciones:
Jasso-Martinez, Jovana M.:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Genet & Evoluc, Dept Biol Celular, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Colecc Nacl Insectos, Inst Biol, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
Machkour-M'Rabet, Salima:
El Colegio Frontera Sur, Lab Ecol Mol & Conservac, Dept Conservac Biodiversidad, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Vila, Roger:
Inst Biol Evolut CSIC UPF, Barcelona, Spain
Rodriguez-Arnaiz, Rosario:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Genet & Evoluc, Dept Biol Celular, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
Nitxin Castaneda-Sortibran, America:
Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Genet & Evoluc, Dept Biol Celular, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
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