Super-orbital variability of LS I +61 ° 303 at TeV energies


Por: Ahnen M.L., Ansoldi S., Antonelli L.A., Antoranz P., Babic A., Banerjee B., Bangale P., Barres De Almeida U., Barrio J.A., Becerra González J., Bednarek W., Bernardini E., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Blanch O., Bonnefoy S., Bonnoli G., Borracci F., Bretz T., Buson S., Carosi A., Chatterjee A., Clavero R., Colin P., Colombo E., Contreras J.L., Cortina J., Covino S., Da Vela P., Dazzi F., De Angelis A., De Lotto B., De Oña Wilhelmi E., Delgado Mendez C., Di Pierro F., Domínguez A., Dominis Prester D., Dorner D., Doro M., Einecke S., Eisenacher Glawion D., Elsaesser D., Fernández-Barral A., Fidalgo D., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Frantzen K., Fruck C., Galindo D., García López R.J., Garczarczyk M., Garrido Terrats D., Gaug M., Giammaria P., Godinovi? N., González Muñoz A., Gora D., Guberman D., Hadasch D., Hahn A., Hanabata Y., Hayashida M., Herrera J., Hose J., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Idec W., Kodani K., Konno Y., Kubo H., Kushida J., La Barbera A., Lelas D., Lindfors E., Lombardi S., Longo F., López M., López-Coto R., López-Oramas A., Majumdar P., Makariev M., Mallot K., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Mannheim K., Maraschi L., Marcote B., Mariotti M., Martínez M., Mazin D., Menzel U., Miranda J.M., Mirzoyan R., Moralejo A., Moretti E., Nakajima D., Neustroev V., Niedzwiecki A., Nievas Rosillo M., Nilsson K., Nishijima K., Noda K., Orito R., Overkemping A., Paiano S., Palacio J., Palatiello M., Paneque D., Paoletti R., Paredes J.M., Paredes-Fortuny X., Pedaletti G., Persic M., Poutanen J., Prada Moroni P.G., Prandini E., Puljak I., Rhode W., Ribó M., Rico J., Rodriguez Garcia J., Saito T., Satalecka K., Schultz C., Schweizer T., Shore S.N., Sillanpää A., Sitarek J., Snidaric I., Sobczynska D., Stamerra A., Steinbring T., Strzys M., Takalo L., Takami H., Tavecchio F., Temnikov P., Terzi? T., Tescaro D., Teshima M., Thaele J., Torres D.F., Toyama T., Treves A., Verguilov V., Vovk I., Ward J.E., Will M., Wu M.H., Zanin R., Casares J., Herrero A.

Publicada: 1 ene 2016
Resumen:
Context. The gamma-ray binary LS I +61°303 is a well-established source from centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV). The broadband emission shows a periodicity of ?26.5 days, coincident with the orbital period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 ± 8 days was proposed from radio variability and confirmed using optical and high-energy (HE; E> 100 MeV) gamma-ray observations. In this paper, we report on a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with archival data concentrating on a search for a long-timescale signature in the VHE emission from LS I +61°303. Aims. We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE emission, similar to that observed at other energies, and on the search for correlations between TeV emission and an optical determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk. Methods. A four-year campaign has been carried out using the MAGIC telescopes. The source was observed during the orbital phases when the periodic VHE outbursts have occurred (? = 0.55-0.75, one orbit = 26.496 days). Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations and data published by the VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I +61°303 has also been observed during the orbital phases where sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past (? = 0.75-1.0). These MAGIC observations were simultaneous with optical spectroscopy from the LIVERPOOL telescope. Results. The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases ? = 0.5-0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the long-term modulation of ?4.5 years found in the radio band. This modulation of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with a best-fit period of 1610 ± 58 days. The complete data, including archival observations, span two super-orbital periods. There is no evidence for a correlation between the TeV emission and the mass-loss rate of the Be star, but this may be affected by the strong, short-timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the H? fluxes. © 2016 ESO.

Filiaciones:
Ahnen M.L.:
 ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Ansoldi S.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

Antonelli L.A.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Antoranz P.:
 Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy

Babic A.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Banerjee B.:
 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India

Bangale P.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Barres De Almeida U.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF/MCTI), R. Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150 - Urca, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

Barrio J.A.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Becerra González J.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

 Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Bednarek W.:
 University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland

Bernardini E.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany

 Humboldt University of Berlin, Institut für Physik, Newtonstr. 15, Berlin, Germany

Biasuzzi B.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

Biland A.:
 ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Blanch O.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Bonnefoy S.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Bonnoli G.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Borracci F.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Bretz T.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

Buson S.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

Carosi A.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Chatterjee A.:
 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India

Clavero R.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Colin P.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Colombo E.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Contreras J.L.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Cortina J.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Covino S.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Da Vela P.:
 Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy

Dazzi F.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

De Angelis A.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

De Lotto B.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

De Oña Wilhelmi E.:
 Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain

Delgado Mendez C.:
 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain

Di Pierro F.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Domínguez A.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

 Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC RiversideCA, United States

Dominis Prester D.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Dorner D.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Doro M.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

Einecke S.:
 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Eisenacher Glawion D.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Elsaesser D.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Fernández-Barral A.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Fidalgo D.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Fonseca M.V.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Font L.:
 Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

Frantzen K.:
 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Fruck C.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Galindo D.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

García López R.J.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Garczarczyk M.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany

Garrido Terrats D.:
 Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

Gaug M.:
 Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

Giammaria P.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Godinovi? N.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

González Muñoz A.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Gora D.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany

Guberman D.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Hadasch D.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Hahn A.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Hanabata Y.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Hayashida M.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Herrera J.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Hose J.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Hrupec D.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Hughes G.:
 ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Idec W.:
 University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland

Kodani K.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Konno Y.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Kubo H.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Kushida J.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

La Barbera A.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Lelas D.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Lindfors E.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

Lombardi S.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Longo F.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

López M.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

López-Coto R.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

López-Oramas A.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

 Laboratoire AIM, Service d'Astrophysique, DSM, IRFU, CEA\Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

Majumdar P.:
 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India

Makariev M.:
 Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Mallot K.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany

Maneva G.:
 Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Manganaro M.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Mannheim K.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Maraschi L.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Marcote B.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

Mariotti M.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

Martínez M.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Mazin D.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Japan

Menzel U.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Miranda J.M.:
 Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy

Mirzoyan R.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Moralejo A.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Moretti E.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Nakajima D.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Neustroev V.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

Niedzwiecki A.:
 University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland

Nievas Rosillo M.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Nilsson K.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

 Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland

Nishijima K.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Noda K.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Orito R.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Overkemping A.:
 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Paiano S.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

Palacio J.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Palatiello M.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

Paneque D.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Paoletti R.:
 Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy

Paredes J.M.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

Paredes-Fortuny X.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

Pedaletti G.:
 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany

Persic M.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

 INAF-Trieste, Italy

Poutanen J.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

Prada Moroni P.G.:
 Università di Pisa, INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Prandini E.:
 ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

 ISDC - Science Data Center for Astrophysics, Versoix (Geneva), Switzerland

Puljak I.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Rhode W.:
 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Ribó M.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

Rico J.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Rodriguez Garcia J.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Saito T.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Satalecka K.:
 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

Schultz C.:
 Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy

Schweizer T.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Shore S.N.:
 Università di Pisa, INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Sillanpää A.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

Sitarek J.:
 University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland

Snidaric I.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Sobczynska D.:
 University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland

Stamerra A.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Steinbring T.:
 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Strzys M.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Takalo L.:
 Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland

Takami H.:
 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan

Tavecchio F.:
 INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy

Temnikov P.:
 Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Terzi? T.:
 Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Tescaro D.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Teshima M.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

 Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Japan

Thaele J.:
 Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Torres D.F.:
 Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain

 ICREA, Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain

Toyama T.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Treves A.:
 Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy

Verguilov V.:
 Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Vovk I.:
 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany

Ward J.E.:
 Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Will M.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Wu M.H.:
 Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain

Zanin R.:
 Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain

Casares J.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Herrero A.:
 Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

 Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
ISSN: 00046361
Editorial
EDP SCIENCES S A, 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE, Francia
Tipo de documento: Article
Volumen: 591 Número:
Páginas:
WOS Id: 000379141300085

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