Super-orbital variability of LS I +61 ° 303 at TeV energies
Por:
Ahnen M.L., Ansoldi S., Antonelli L.A., Antoranz P., Babic A., Banerjee B., Bangale P., Barres De Almeida U., Barrio J.A., Becerra González J., Bednarek W., Bernardini E., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Blanch O., Bonnefoy S., Bonnoli G., Borracci F., Bretz T., Buson S., Carosi A., Chatterjee A., Clavero R., Colin P., Colombo E., Contreras J.L., Cortina J., Covino S., Da Vela P., Dazzi F., De Angelis A., De Lotto B., De Oña Wilhelmi E., Delgado Mendez C., Di Pierro F., Domínguez A., Dominis Prester D., Dorner D., Doro M., Einecke S., Eisenacher Glawion D., Elsaesser D., Fernández-Barral A., Fidalgo D., Fonseca M.V., Font L., Frantzen K., Fruck C., Galindo D., García López R.J., Garczarczyk M., Garrido Terrats D., Gaug M., Giammaria P., Godinovi? N., González Muñoz A., Gora D., Guberman D., Hadasch D., Hahn A., Hanabata Y., Hayashida M., Herrera J., Hose J., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Idec W., Kodani K., Konno Y., Kubo H., Kushida J., La Barbera A., Lelas D., Lindfors E., Lombardi S., Longo F., López M., López-Coto R., López-Oramas A., Majumdar P., Makariev M., Mallot K., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Mannheim K., Maraschi L., Marcote B., Mariotti M., Martínez M., Mazin D., Menzel U., Miranda J.M., Mirzoyan R., Moralejo A., Moretti E., Nakajima D., Neustroev V., Niedzwiecki A., Nievas Rosillo M., Nilsson K., Nishijima K., Noda K., Orito R., Overkemping A., Paiano S., Palacio J., Palatiello M., Paneque D., Paoletti R., Paredes J.M., Paredes-Fortuny X., Pedaletti G., Persic M., Poutanen J., Prada Moroni P.G., Prandini E., Puljak I., Rhode W., Ribó M., Rico J., Rodriguez Garcia J., Saito T., Satalecka K., Schultz C., Schweizer T., Shore S.N., Sillanpää A., Sitarek J., Snidaric I., Sobczynska D., Stamerra A., Steinbring T., Strzys M., Takalo L., Takami H., Tavecchio F., Temnikov P., Terzi? T., Tescaro D., Teshima M., Thaele J., Torres D.F., Toyama T., Treves A., Verguilov V., Vovk I., Ward J.E., Will M., Wu M.H., Zanin R., Casares J., Herrero A.
Publicada:
1 ene 2016
Resumen:
Context. The gamma-ray binary LS I +61°303 is a well-established source from centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV). The broadband emission shows a periodicity of ?26.5 days, coincident with the orbital period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 ± 8 days was proposed from radio variability and confirmed using optical and high-energy (HE; E> 100 MeV) gamma-ray observations. In this paper, we report on a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with archival data concentrating on a search for a long-timescale signature in the VHE emission from LS I +61°303. Aims. We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE emission, similar to that observed at other energies, and on the search for correlations between TeV emission and an optical determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk. Methods. A four-year campaign has been carried out using the MAGIC telescopes. The source was observed during the orbital phases when the periodic VHE outbursts have occurred (? = 0.55-0.75, one orbit = 26.496 days). Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations and data published by the VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I +61°303 has also been observed during the orbital phases where sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past (? = 0.75-1.0). These MAGIC observations were simultaneous with optical spectroscopy from the LIVERPOOL telescope. Results. The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases ? = 0.5-0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the long-term modulation of ?4.5 years found in the radio band. This modulation of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with a best-fit period of 1610 ± 58 days. The complete data, including archival observations, span two super-orbital periods. There is no evidence for a correlation between the TeV emission and the mass-loss rate of the Be star, but this may be affected by the strong, short-timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the H? fluxes. © 2016 ESO.
Filiaciones:
Ahnen M.L.:
ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Ansoldi S.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
Antonelli L.A.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Antoranz P.:
Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy
Babic A.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Banerjee B.:
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India
Bangale P.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Barres De Almeida U.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF/MCTI), R. Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150 - Urca, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
Barrio J.A.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Becerra González J.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
Bednarek W.:
University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland
Bernardini E.:
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
Humboldt University of Berlin, Institut für Physik, Newtonstr. 15, Berlin, Germany
Biasuzzi B.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
Biland A.:
ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Blanch O.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Bonnefoy S.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Bonnoli G.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Borracci F.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Bretz T.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
Buson S.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
Carosi A.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Chatterjee A.:
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India
Clavero R.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Colin P.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Colombo E.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Contreras J.L.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Cortina J.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Covino S.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Da Vela P.:
Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy
Dazzi F.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
De Angelis A.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
De Lotto B.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
De Oña Wilhelmi E.:
Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Delgado Mendez C.:
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
Di Pierro F.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Domínguez A.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC RiversideCA, United States
Dominis Prester D.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Dorner D.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Doro M.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
Einecke S.:
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Eisenacher Glawion D.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Elsaesser D.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Fernández-Barral A.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Fidalgo D.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Fonseca M.V.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Font L.:
Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Frantzen K.:
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Fruck C.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Galindo D.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
García López R.J.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Garczarczyk M.:
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
Garrido Terrats D.:
Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Gaug M.:
Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Giammaria P.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Godinovi? N.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
González Muñoz A.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Gora D.:
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
Guberman D.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Hadasch D.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Hahn A.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Hanabata Y.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Hayashida M.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Herrera J.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Hose J.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Hrupec D.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Hughes G.:
ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Idec W.:
University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland
Kodani K.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Konno Y.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Kubo H.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Kushida J.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
La Barbera A.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Lelas D.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Lindfors E.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Lombardi S.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Longo F.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
López M.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
López-Coto R.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
López-Oramas A.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Laboratoire AIM, Service d'Astrophysique, DSM, IRFU, CEA\Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
Majumdar P.:
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Sector-1, Salt-Lake, Kolkata, India
Makariev M.:
Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mallot K.:
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
Maneva G.:
Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Manganaro M.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Mannheim K.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Maraschi L.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Marcote B.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
Mariotti M.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
Martínez M.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Mazin D.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Japan
Menzel U.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Miranda J.M.:
Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy
Mirzoyan R.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Moralejo A.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Moretti E.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Nakajima D.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Neustroev V.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Niedzwiecki A.:
University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland
Nievas Rosillo M.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Nilsson K.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland
Nishijima K.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Noda K.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Orito R.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Overkemping A.:
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Paiano S.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
Palacio J.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Palatiello M.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
Paneque D.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Paoletti R.:
Università di Siena, INFN Pisa, Siena, Italy
Paredes J.M.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
Paredes-Fortuny X.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
Pedaletti G.:
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany
Persic M.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
INAF-Trieste, Italy
Poutanen J.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Prada Moroni P.G.:
Università di Pisa, INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Prandini E.:
ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
ISDC - Science Data Center for Astrophysics, Versoix (Geneva), Switzerland
Puljak I.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Rhode W.:
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Ribó M.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
Rico J.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Rodriguez Garcia J.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Saito T.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Satalecka K.:
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Schultz C.:
Università di Padova, INFN, Padova, Italy
Schweizer T.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Shore S.N.:
Università di Pisa, INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Sillanpää A.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Sitarek J.:
University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland
Snidaric I.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Sobczynska D.:
University of ?ód?, Lodz, Poland
Stamerra A.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Steinbring T.:
Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Strzys M.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Takalo L.:
Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Takami H.:
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, ICRR, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Tokai University, University of Tokushima, KEK, Japan
Tavecchio F.:
INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
Temnikov P.:
Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Terzi? T.:
Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of Split, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Tescaro D.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Teshima M.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Japan
Thaele J.:
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Torres D.F.:
Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
ICREA, Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Toyama T.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Treves A.:
Università di Udine, INFN Trieste, Udine, Italy
Verguilov V.:
Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Vovk I.:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany
Ward J.E.:
Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (IFAE-BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
Will M.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Wu M.H.:
Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain
Zanin R.:
Universitat de Barcelona, ICC, IEEC-UB, Barcelona, Spain
Casares J.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Herrero A.:
Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de la Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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