Large streamer chamber muon tracking detector in a high-flux fixed-target application
Por:
Adams D., Adeva B., Arik E., Arvidson A., Badelek B., Ballintijn M.K., Bardin G., Baum G., Berglund P., Betev L., Bird I.G., Birsa R., Björkholm P., Bonner B.E., de Botton N., Boutemeur M., Bradamante F., Bravar A., Bressan A., Bültmann S., Burtin E., Cavata C., Crabb D., Cranshaw J., Çuhadar T., Dalla Torre S., van Dantzig R., Derro B., Deshpande A., Dhawan S., Dulya C., Dyring A., Eichblatt S., Faivre J.C., Fasching D., Feinstein F., Fernandez C., Forthmann S., Frois B., Gallas A., Garabatos C., Garzon J.A., Gaussiran T., Gilly H., Giorgi M., von Goeler E., Goertz S., Golutvin I.A., Gomez-Tato A., Gracia G., de Groot N., Grosse Perdekamp M., Gülmez E., Haft K., von Harrach D., Hasegawa T., Hautle P., Hayashi N., Heusch C.A., Horikawa N., Hughes V.W., Igo G., Ishimoto S., Iwata T., Kabub E.M., Kageya T., Karev A., Kessler H.J., Ketel T.J., Kiryluk J., Kiryushin Iu., Kishi A., Kisselev Yu., Klostermann L., Kramer D., Kröger W., Kurek K., Kyynäräinen J., Lamanna M., Landgraf U., Lah K., Layda T., Le Goff J.M., Lehar F., de Lesquen A., Lichtenstadt J., Lindqvist T., Litmaath M., Lowe M., Magnon A., Mallot G.K., Marie F., Martin A., Martino J., Matsuda T., Mayes B., McCarthy J.S., Medved K., Meyer W., van Middelkoop G., Miller D., Miyachi Y., Mori K., Moromisato J., Nassalski J., Naumann L., Niinikoski T.O., Oberski J.E.J., Ogawa A., Ozben C., Parks D.P., Pereira H., Penzo A., Perrot-Kunne F., Peshekhonov D., Piegaia R., Pinsky L., Platchkov S., Plo M., Pose D., Postma H., Pretz J., Pussieux T., Pyrlik J., Raädel G., Reyhancan I., Reicherz G., Rijllart A., Roberts J.B., Rock S., Rodriguez M., Rondio E., Ropelewski L., Rosado A., Roscherr B., Sabo I., Saborido J., Sandacz A., Sanders D., Savin I., Schiavon P., Schiller A., Schüler K.P., Segel R., Seitz R., Semertzidis Y., Sergeev S., Sever F., Shanahan P., Sichtermann E.P., Simeoni F., Smirnov G.I., Staude A., Steinmetz A., Stiegler U., Stuhrmann H., Szleper M., Teichert K.M., Tessarotto F., Thers D., Tlaczala W., Trentalange S., Tripet A., Tzamouranis I., Unel G., Yelasco M., Yogt J., Voss R., Weinstein R., Whitten C., Willumeit R., Windmolders R., Wislicki W., Witzmann A., Zamiatin N., Zanetti A.M., Zaremba K., Zhao J.
Publicada:
1 ene 1999
Resumen:
Arrays of limited streamer tubes of the Iarocci type were deployed in our experiment at CERN as part of a forward muon detector system with provisions for the beam to pass through the center of each panel in the array. A total of 16 4 m×4 m panels were assembled with inductive readout strips on both sides of each panel. An active feedback system was deployed to regulate the high voltage to the streamer tubes to insure a constant efficiency for minimum ionizing particles. The arrays were operated in this environment for over five years of data taking. Streamer tube track-reconstruction efficiencies and tube replacement rates are reported.
Filiaciones:
Adams D.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
Adeva B.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Arik E.:
Bogaziçi University and Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Arvidson A.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
The Royal Library, 102 41 Stockholm, Sweden
Badelek B.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Ballintijn M.K.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Rational Software Benelux, 2132 WT Hoofddorp, Netherlands
Bardin G.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Baum G.:
Physics Department, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
Berglund P.:
Low Temperature Laboratory and Institute of Particle Physics Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
Betev L.:
Physics Department, University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
University of California, Department of Physics, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Bird I.G.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
CEBAF, Newport News, VA 23606, United States
Birsa R.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Björkholm P.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Ericsson Infocom AB, Sweden
Bonner B.E.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
de Botton N.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Boutemeur M.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
University of Montreal, H3C, 3J7, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Bradamante F.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Bravar A.:
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Bressan A.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Bültmann S.:
Physics Department, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
University of Virgina, Department of Physics, Charlottesville, VA 22901, United States
Burtin E.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Cavata C.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Crabb D.:
Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, United States
Cranshaw J.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409-1031, United States
Çuhadar T.:
Bogaziçi University and Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dalla Torre S.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
van Dantzig R.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Derro B.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Deshpande A.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
Dhawan S.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
Dulya C.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
CIEMAT, Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Dyring A.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Swedish Space Corporation, 171 04 Solva, Sweden
Eichblatt S.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Ill 60510, United States
Faivre J.C.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Fasching D.:
Department of Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
Feinstein F.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Fernandez C.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Forthmann S.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Frois B.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Gallas A.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Garabatos C.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Garzon J.A.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Gaussiran T.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
Gilly H.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Giorgi M.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
von Goeler E.:
Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Goertz S.:
Physics Department, University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Golutvin I.A.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Gomez-Tato A.:
Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Gracia G.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
de Groot N.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Bristol Univ, Brisol, United Kingdom
Grosse Perdekamp M.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States
Gülmez E.:
Bogaziçi University and Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Haft K.:
Physics Department, University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
von Harrach D.:
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Hasegawa T.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Faculty of Engineering, Miyazaki University, 889-21 Miyazaki-Shi, Japan
Hautle P.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Hayashi N.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako 351-01, Japan
Heusch C.A.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
University of California, Institute of Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
Horikawa N.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Hughes V.W.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
Igo G.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Ishimoto S.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
KEK, Tsukuba-Shi, 305 Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
Iwata T.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Kabub E.M.:
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Kageya T.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Karev A.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Kessler H.J.:
Physics Department, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Ketel T.J.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Kiryluk J.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Kiryushin Iu.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Kishi A.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Kisselev Yu.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Klostermann L.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Ericsson Telecommunication, 5120 AA Rijen, Netherlands
Kramer D.:
Physics Department, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
Kröger W.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
University of California, Institute of Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
Kurek K.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Kyynäräinen J.:
Low Temperature Laboratory and Institute of Particle Physics Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, FTN-40351, Jyvaskyla, Finland
Lamanna M.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Landgraf U.:
Physics Department, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Lah K.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Layda T.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Le Goff J.M.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Lehar F.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
de Lesquen A.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Lichtenstadt J.:
School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Lindqvist T.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Litmaath M.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Ill 60510, United States
Lowe M.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
Magnon A.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Mallot G.K.:
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Marie F.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Martin A.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Martino J.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Matsuda T.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Faculty of Engineering, Miyazaki University, 889-21 Miyazaki-Shi, Japan
Mayes B.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
McCarthy J.S.:
Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, United States
Medved K.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Meyer W.:
Physics Department, University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
van Middelkoop G.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Miller D.:
Department of Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
Miyachi Y.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Mori K.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Moromisato J.:
Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
Nassalski J.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Naumann L.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Niinikoski T.O.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Oberski J.E.J.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Ogawa A.:
CIRSE and Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, 464 Nagoya, Japan
Ozben C.:
Bogaziçi University and Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Parks D.P.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Pereira H.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Penzo A.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Perrot-Kunne F.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Peshekhonov D.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409-1031, United States
Piegaia R.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Pinsky L.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Platchkov S.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Plo M.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Pose D.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Postma H.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Pretz J.:
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Pussieux T.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Pyrlik J.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Raädel G.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Reyhancan I.:
Bogaziçi University and Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Reicherz G.:
Physics Department, University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Rijllart A.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Roberts J.B.:
Bonner Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
Rock S.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
The American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States
Rodriguez M.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Rondio E.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Ropelewski L.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Rosado A.:
Department of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
Roscherr B.:
School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Sabo I.:
School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Saborido J.:
Department of Particle Physics, University of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Sandacz A.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Sanders D.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Savin I.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Schiavon P.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Schiller A.:
GKSS, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
Schüler K.P.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Segel R.:
Department of Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
Seitz R.:
Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, United States
University of Montreal, H3C, 3J7, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Semertzidis Y.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States
Sergeev S.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Sever F.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
ESFR, F-38043 Grenoble, France
Shanahan P.:
Department of Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Ill 60510, United States
Sichtermann E.P.:
NIKHEF, Delft University of Technology, FOM and Free University, 1009 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands
Simeoni F.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Smirnov G.I.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Staude A.:
Physics Department, University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
Steinmetz A.:
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
Stiegler U.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Stuhrmann H.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Szleper M.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Teichert K.M.:
Physics Department, University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
Tessarotto F.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Thers D.:
C.E.A. Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Tlaczala W.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw Universeity of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Trentalange S.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Tripet A.:
Physics Department, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
Tzamouranis I.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Enron, Inc, Houston, TXas, United States
Unel G.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Yelasco M.:
Department of Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Yogt J.:
Physics Department, University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
Voss R.:
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Weinstein R.:
Department of Physics, University of Houston and Institute for Beam Particle Dynamics, Houston, TX 77204, United States
Whitten C.:
Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
Willumeit R.:
GKSS, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
Windmolders R.:
Faculty of Science, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Wislicki W.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Witzmann A.:
Physics Department, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
Zamiatin N.:
JINR, Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
Zanetti A.M.:
Department of Physics, INFN Trieste and University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Zaremba K.:
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies and Warsaw University, 00681 Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw Universeity of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Zhao J.:
GKSS, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
Oak Ridge Nat. Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 3783-6393, United States
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